Abstract  [Aim]  Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau) is a widespread storage mite that causes serious economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths on the survival, hatching rate, and fecundity of A. ovatus, providing a theoretical basis and an innovative approach for managing mite infestations in domestic environments and grain storage areas. [Methods]  The mortality of A. ovatus at each developmental stage (adult, tritonymph, protonymph, larvae, and egg), egg hatching rate, egg laying capacity, and vitellogenin (Vg) gene expression were measured after treatments with UV-A (365 nm), UV-B (308 nm), and UV-C (254 nm) (15 W). Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and GraphPad Prism 9.5.0. [Results]  Among the three wavelength treatment groups, UV-B demonstrated the most significant effect on A. ovatus. Following 180 minutes of UV-B irradiation, the mortality rate of A. ovatus reached 100% across all developmental stages. Furthermore, the mortality rate was positively correlated with the irradiation time. Following short-term ultraviolet radiation, there was a significant increase or an increasing trend in the number of eggs laid (in addition to the daily number of eggs) and an increase in the expression level of the Vg gene (P ˂ 0.05) The UV-C treatment group had a significantly higher reproductive capacity (51.15%) compared to the UV-A and UV-B treatment groups (P ˂ 0.05). [Conclusion]  All three ultraviolet wavelengths can inhibit the growth and development of A. ovatus. The mortality effect of UV-B was superior to UV-A and UV-C. Therefore, UV-B radiation lamps can serve as an effective method for mite control across various application scenarios.