Abstract  [Aim]  Neuropeptides are crucial signaling molecules between cells that regulate various physiological and behavioral processes in insects. The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, is a recently invasive and highly destructive pest in China. To better understand the composition and variation of neuropeptides in T. absoluta, this study systematically identified and analyzed the neuropeptide genes of this species. [Methods]  Neuropeptide-encoding genes were screened from T. absoluta genome data using homology-based searches. Subsequent analyses included signal peptide prediction, mature peptide prediction, conserved motif analysis, and sequence variation analysis. [Results]  A total of 56 neuropeptide genes were identified in the T. absoluta genome. The categories of identified neuropeptide genes were consistent with those in other Lepidopterans, though some differences in quantity were noted. For example, only one adipokinetic hormone (AKH) gene, two diuretic hormone (DUH) genes, and eight insulin-like peptide (ILP) genes were identified, all of which are fewer than the number found in other insects. Conversely, the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) gene has three transcripts in T. absoluta, whereas typically only one transcript is found in other insects. The pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) and insulin-like peptide genes also exhibited unusual structural variations. PBAN was predicted to cleave into nine mature neuropeptides, whereas in other Lepidopterans this typically cleaves into only five. In addition, the insulin-like peptide ILP (Tabs017372.1) did not have a predicted neuropeptide cleavage site but still contained conserved cysteine residues in the A and B chains. Furthermore, natalisin in T. absoluta had the highest number of mature peptides (up to 17). [Conclusion]  This study provides a detailed identification and analysis of neuropeptide genes in T. absoluta, revealing significant variations in PTTH, PBAN, and ILP that may indicate unique regulatory mechanisms. Understanding the expression and function of these neuropeptide genes will shed light on their roles in insect physiology and provide new insights for ecological pest control strategies.