Effects of pupal weight and feeding densities on the reproduction of the black soldier fly, Hermetis illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Author of the article:WANG Feng-Ying1 LI Jun-Jun1 YANG Ge-Ling1 SHI Chao-Hong2 GU Wen-Jie2

Author's Workplace：1. Guangzhou Outreach Environmental Technologies Co. LTD.; 2. Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Key Words：Hermetis illucens; pupal weight; pupal feeding density; reproduction; egg income

Abstract：[Aim]  To determine how pupal weight and feeding densities affect the reproduction of the black soldier fly, Hermetis illucens. [Methods]  H. illucens pupae of various weights were reared in a laboratory and classified according to weight (c. 130 mg = lighter pupal weight, c. 180 mg = heavier pupal weight ) and rearing density (3, 6 and 9 larvae kg/cage). [Results]  There was no significant different in the eclosion rate, eclosion period and sex ratio of lighter and heavier pupae (P > 0.05). However, females that emerged from heavier pupae had significantly higher average egg production and laid a greater average number of eggs laid per female than those that emerged from lighter pupae (P < 0.001). Although there was a significant increase in egg production with increased rearing density (P < 0.001), the average number of eggs laid per female also significantly declined (P < 0.001). Pupal weight and larval feeding densities did not significantly affect egg hatchability (P > 0.05). Females that emerged from heavier pupae had significantly higher egg production, egg mass and pupal quantity, compared to those that emerged from lighter pupae (P < 0.05). Although there was a significant increase in egg production with increased rearing density (P < 0.05), egg mass and pupal quantity significantly declined (P < 0.05). [Conclusion]  Females that emerged from heavier pupae were significantly more fecund than those that emerged from lighter pupae. Egg production can be increased by producing heavier pupae. Larval feeding density can be adjusted in real time according to the market price of pupae and eggs to achieve maximum profit.