Population dynamics and spatial distribution of adult double spotted leaf beetle, Monolepta hieroglyphica in Shenyang maize fields
Author of the article:CHEN Yan WANG Kai ZHONG Tao DONG Huai-Yu LIU Pei-Bin
Author's Workplace:Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Key Words:Monolepta hieroglyphica; population dynamics; spatial distribution; maize field; sex ratio
Abstract:
[Aim] This study aims to gain an understanding of
the population dynamics of adult Monolepta
hieroglyphica in maize fields in the Shenyang area. The findings will
establish a foundation for pest monitoring and the development of effective
control strategies. [Methods] During 2020 and 2021, maize fields located in
the Shenbei District of Shenyang City were
monitored periodically from germination until the harvest stage (mid-May to late-September).
Population dynamics and spatial distribution were investigated as
follows: M. hieroglyphica were counted using a five-point sampling
method to determine the number and distribution on different parts of the
plants after adults being found in the maize fields, and the adult sex ratio
was investigated. A fixed number of adults were collected from the weeds
surrounding the maize fields, the sex of the adults was determined. [Results] In 2020 and 2021, adult Monolepta
hieroglyphica were first observed in the Shenyang corn (vegetative 12
stage) fields on June 30th and July 9th, respectively. Peak insect densities
were recorded on July 30th and August 4th (rapid filling stage), with
(741.25±47.63) and (337.5±67.69) individuals per hundred plants, respectively.
By the end of September, no individuals were seen in the corn fields while a
small number of adults remained in the weeds at the field edge. There was
temporal variation in the spatial distribution of adults on corn plants at
different growth stages of maize. at different growth stages of maize. In early
July 2020, over 47% adult M. hieroglyphica were found on the lower
leaves. In contrast, 40%-70% of adults were found in the upper leaves during
late July to early August, with a spike in females accounting for 54.05% of the
distribution. In mid-July 2021, 59.52% of adults were found on the middle
leaves, and in late July, 40%-60% of adults were distributed in the upper
leaves. A spike in females in early August accounted for 53.46% of the adult
distribution. The male-to-female ratio (♀/♂) was 1︰4.88-1︰0 in 2020 and 1∶4.56-1∶0.25 in 2021. [Conclusion] In 2020 and 2021, adult M. hieroglyphica first appeared in the
Shenyang corn fields in late June to early July. The population peaked in late
July to early August, then sharply declined with no individuals remaining by
mid to late September. The spatial distribution of adults on corn plants was
relatively stable at different growth stages of maizes. The population was
primarily distributed in the lower leaves before the tasseling stage, with
spikes in the female population during the silking to the milk stage. As the
dough stage, the adults tended to be distributed in the middle to upper leaves.
Male insects dominated higher proportion vegetative 12 stage to rapid filling
stage. However, after the population peaked, the proportion of females
gradually increased until they were the majority.