[Aim]  To investigate effect of intercropping wheat with broccoli on arthropod communities, and thereby assess the potential of broccoli as a functional plant for pest control in wheat fields. [Methods]  Sweep-netting, pitfall trapping, and Malaise trapping were used to determine the composition of arthropod communities in wheat fields that were intercropped with broccoli, and in wheat monocultures, from April to May 2024. DNA barcoding technology was used for species identification, after which community structure parameters were analyzed. [Results]  A total of 25 insect species belonging to 6 orders were captured, including 12 natural enemies of wheat pests and 13 pest species. In intercropped fields, both the number of individual arthropods (539.88±16.70) and the Shannon diversity index (2.37±0.03) were significantly higher than in wheat monocultures (345.61±8.33) and (1.89±0.29), respectively (P<0.05). Populations of Aphidius gifuensis and Episyrphus balteatus, two major natural enemies of wheat pests, were significantly higher 94.4% and 151.0%, respectively (P<0.01) in intercropped fields than in monocultures. [Conclusion]  Intercropping wheat and broccoli can significantly increase the abundance and diversity of natural enemies in wheat fields. The significantly higher abundance of A. gifuensis and E. balteatus in intercropped fields suggests that intercropping can enhance the biological control of pests, such as wheat aphids.