[Aim]  To clarify the population dynamics and occurrence patterns of Helicoverpa armigera adults in the Korla cotton-growing region of Xinjiang, and analyze the correlation between these and meteorological factors, to improve the monitoring, early warning, prevention, and control, of this pest. [Methods]  The population dynamics of H. armigera adults in the Korla cotton-growing region of Xinjiang were monitored using high-altitude lamp traps from 2021 to 2024, and correlated with meteorological data collected from small meteorological stations in the Korla region. [Results]  H. armigera in the Korla cotton-growing region of Xinjiang has four generations annually, with most activity occurring from early April to late September. Overwintering generation adults first appear in early April, followed by a relatively low peak in the abundance of first-generation adults in late May. A significant increase in the population of second-generation adults is observed between late June and early July, which is the main period of infestation. The third-generation adult population peaks in early August, but at a noticeably lower level compared to the second generation. From late August onward, adult populations gradually decline and remain at minimal levels. There are significant positive correlations between the population dynamics of        H. armigera and meteorological factors recorded between 2021 and 2024, including between population abundance and both mean (r=0.48, P<0.05) and maximum temperature (r=0.50, P<0.05). Generalized linear regression indicates that average temperature was the main meteorological factor affecting the abundance of H. armigera adults. [Conclusion]  There was a significant positive correlation between the population dynamics of H. armigera adults and temperature in the Korla cotton-growing region of Xinjiang. This finding provides an important theoretical foundation for the prediction and comprehensive control of H. armigera.