The citrus huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen is one of the most devastating diseases affecting global citrus production, and poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of the citrus industry worldwide. The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), the primary vector of HLB, plays a critical role in the spread of the disease. This paper elaborates on the pathogenic understanding of HLB, including its history, symptoms, and damage, and delves into the biological characteristics, behavioral patterns, and damage mechanisms of the Asian citrus psyllid. It also reviews integrated management strategies for this pest, including physical, chemical, and biological control methods, providing a comprehensive analysis of HLB control strategies. Furthermore, areas for future research on the Asian citrus psyllid and HLB are proposed.