Chemical ecology is an interdisciplinary science that studies the mechanisms underlying chemical communication between organisms, as well as the practical applications of these. Since the beginning of the new century, research on the theories and technologies of chemical ecology in China has progressed rapidly, demonstrating new trends such as diversified research dimensions, integrated research approaches, and the application-oriented research goals. Important progress has been made in: (1) The identification of insect pheromones and determining their function and underlying regulatory mechanisms; (2) Understanding the mechanisms underlying insect olfactory and gustatory perception; (3) Understanding microbe-mediated adaptive mechanisms in insects; and (4) Understanding the ecological adaptation of insects to their environment mediated by chemical substances. With respect to the practical application of chemical ecology, a range of products have been developed, numerous high-tech enterprises have been started, and several issues in agricultural and forestry production have been addressed. With advances in biotechnology, artificial intelligence, big data, synthetic biology, and other scientific technologies, the field of chemical ecology is poised to have an even more vibrant future.