There has been remarkable progress in both theoretical and applied parasitoid research in China in recent years. Driven by the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as molecular biology, genomics, and bioinformatics, the scope of research has moved beyond traditional taxonomy, biology, and ecology to include phylogenetics, functional gene analysis, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating parasitic behavior. These advances have begun to reveal the intrinsic principles governing parasitoid-host interactions. With respect to applied research, significant breakthroughs have been made in the artificial rearing and large-scale, mass production of parasitoids. Their application continues to broaden, supported by increasingly sophisticated field techniques such as ecological regulation and integrated pest management. These developments have systematically improved the pest control potential of parasitoids, providing core scientific and technological support for environmentally friendly pest management systems. This paper reviews recent, major advances in theoretical and applied research on parasitic wasps in China, and identifies outstanding key issues and priority areas for research.