Non-lethal effects of a natural enemy on herbivore insect population
Author of the article:LI Jiao1, 3 JIN Chen-Zhong1 LONG Da-Bin2 OUYANG Fang3 GE Feng3
Author's Workplace：1. Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China; 2.Tobacoo Companies in Hunan Province, Liuyang 410300, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Key Words：predators, parasite, non-lethal effect, stress, indirect control, natural enemies assess
Abstract：
Natural enemies play an important role in regulating the population dynamics of insect pest populations. It is well known that predators typically affect prey through either predation or parasitism. Furthermore, the non-lethal effects, or stress, associated with encountering predators can influence the development and reproduction of pest species. In fact, these non-lethal effects can sometimes have a greater negative influence on pest populations than predation. In view of this, non-lethal effects (indirect stresses) should be taken into account when assessing the control exerted by natural enemies on pest populations. In this paper, we discuss the non-lethal effects of predators and parasites on pest insects, analyze the impacts of changeable environments on the non-lethal effects of natural enemies, summarize the possible mechanisms of non-lethal effects of predators on prey, and provide suggestions for future research on the non-lethal effects of natural enemies on herbivore insect populations.