[Objectives]  Conservation and utilization of natural enemies of wheat aphids in wheat fields. [Methods]  Wheat aphids and Proplaea japonica were sampled using a sampling grid and ecological niche and geostatistical methods were used to analyze their spatial patterns and the relationships between them. [Results]  Population dynamics of aphids and P. japonica were similar in different seasons. Population sizes of both species were significantly correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.930. This indicates that aphid abundance has a positive impact on the abundance of P. japonica. In addition, both aphids and P. japonica had broad ecological niches and the overlap between these increased with aphid density up to a peak value of 0.52. The spatial patterns of wheat aphids and P. japonica also changed according to the densities of aphids during the entire sampling period. Aphids were randomly distributed at lower density. However, at higher densities, semivariograms of aphids and P. japonica were best simulated by an exponential model, indicating an aggregative population distribution. 2D-maps of spatial distribution stimulated by Block Kriging interpolation can intuitively show the spatial distributions of aphids and P.  japonica in wheat fields. [Conclusion]  The temporal population dynamics and spatial distribution of wheat aphids and P. japonica are very similar in wheat fields. Thus, wheat aphid management should comprehensively take into account these population relationships, spatial patterns and the biological control services provided by the natural enemy P. japonica.