[Objectives]  Plant volatiles play an important role in insect behavior. How plant volatiles affect the feeding behavior of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) larvae in a sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and maize (Zea mays) intercropping system was investigated to provide information to improve control of these pests. [Methods]  Leaf volatiles collected during the sugarcane tiller and maize elongation stages were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of four doses (5×10^﹣3, 5×10^﹣4, 5×10^﹣5, 5×10^﹣6 g/mL) of 20 different compounds on larval feeding behavior were then investigated. [Results]  Leaf volatiles of sugarcane and maize were extracted, and 49 and 52 compounds produced during the sugarcane tiller and maize elongation stages, respectively, were identified. Among these compounds, 43 were extracted from both sugarcane and maize leaves. A further 6 compounds were only found in sugarcane leaves and 9 compounds were only found in maize leaves. The volatiles identified were green leaf volatiles, terpenoids, aliphatic compound (aldehydes, ketones, acids, alcohols, esters, amides, and hydrocarbons), the amounts of which differed between sugarcane leaves and maize leaves. However, hydrocarbons were the most abundant volatile produced by both sugarcane and maize leaves. (Z)-ocimene, decanoic acid, heptacosane and nonacosane were significantly more attractive to Asian corn borer larvae than the control substance, whereas nonanal, nonanoic acid, isopropyl myristate, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, tetracosane and octacosane repelled larvae. [Conclusion]  Leaf volatiles produced by sugarcane and maize differ, and these differences can affect the feeding behavior of first-instar Asian corn borer larvae.