Trehalose is widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, animals and plants. Other than maintaining energy resources, trehalose also can provide some protection against adverse environmental conditions or metabolic dysfunction. Trehalose 6-phosphate synthase and trehalase are two important enzymes in trehalose bio-synthesis and lysis. Trehalose is transported from cells with the help of the trehalose transporter. Insulin and adipokinetic hormone regulate the carbohydrate metabolism directly, whereas juvenile hormone and ecdysone do so indirectly by coupling with insulin and adipokinetic hormone. Because the trehalose metabolism plays such a key role in insect development, its related signaling pathways could be new targets for pest control in the future.