[Objectives]  To understand the effects of cropping regimes on pest insect abundance, pest species diversity and population dynamics was measured and compared in monocultures, mixed crops and crops with farmland shelterbelts, in the western, central, and eastern areas of the Sixth Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (6th Division, XPCC) in summer and autumn. [Methods]  The number of pest species and the diversity of pests and natural enemies in the four cropping regimes were surveyed. [Results]  Species diversity and numbers of pests and natural enemies in autumn were significantly higher (4.7 and 2.7 times, respectively) than those in summer. There were significant differences in the number and types of insect pests on different farms. The highest average number of insect pests was found in Fangcaohu farm, which was 2.8 times that found in Qitai Farm. There were significant differences in the species of pests found on different crops, but no significant difference in their population densities. Pest species diversity was significantly higher in intercropped fields and those with shelterbelts than in monocultures and field edges, but pest densities in monocultures and field edges were 2.1 times those in intercropped fields. The number of natural enemies varied greatly among different survey sites, crop types and habitats. Qitai farm had the highest number; 2.9 times higher than Gongqingtuan farm. Natural enemies were most abundant in fields with shelterbelts where they were 7.5 times higher than in monocultures. The number of natural enemies on the plants near field edges was 3.1 times higher than in monocultures. A total of 8 species of predatory ladybird beetles were found in the study area, of which Adonia variegata (Goeze) was the most abundant (31.92%), followed by the Stethorus punctillum (Weise), (26.54%). A. variegata is therefore the most promising potential biological control. The biodiversity index of arthropods in different habitats was varied. Biodiversity was the highest in shelterbelts, followed by intercropped fields and lowest in monocultures. [Conclusion]  The species diversity and population dynamics of insect pests and their natural enemies differed in different cropping regimes. These findings provide a scientific basis for the effective control of crop pests and rational planting and management regimes.