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Issue:ISSN 2095-1353
           CN 11-6020/Q
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Your Position :Home->Past Journals Catalog->2020年57 No.6

Symbiosis between the fig-wasp Wiebesia pumilae and galls
Author of the article:BAO Tian-Tian WU Wen-Shan CHEN You-Ling WU Ting-Ting ZHANG Xing-Tan ZENG Hsy-Yu
Author's Workplace:Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Taiwan Chung-Hsing University, Taizhong 60004, China
Key Words:young stage; gall; morphological characteristics; nutritive association; cooperative development
Abstract:

[Objectives]  The developmental dynamics of young Wiebesia pumilae (Hill) Wiebes fig wasps and the galls they live in was investigated. [Methods]  During the c. 100 day developmental period of young fig-wasps, five figs on which wasp eggs had been laid were collected every three days, and their diameter, gall layer height, gall diameter, and wasps’ body length, measured. [Results]  Although larvae of different ages did not differ obviously in morphology, larvae could be divided into 5 instars on the basis of body length, which was significantly different among different instars (P<0.05). Larval body parts include the body wall (white), body segments, mouthparts and midgut (yellow). Three pupal stages were identified; primary, intermediate and mature. Male and female pupae were heteromorphic and male pupae developed 1-3 days earlier than female pupae. The compound eyes of pupae were the first to change color. Galls consist of epidermis, protective layer, endodermis, nutritive tissue and the gall chamber. The hard gall nucellus rapidly changed into soft nutritious tissue comprised of parenchyma cells when wasp eggs were hatching, and wasp larvae feed on the nutritious solution secreted by this tissue rather than damaging other plant tissues. Both the body length of larvae and gall diameter conformed to a double S growth curve with the gall growing faster than the larvae. The gall layer height and fig diameter continued to grow during the larval and pupal stages, so that there was always sufficient space for wasps to develop. [Conclusion]  Larvae of the fig wasp W. pumilae can be divided into 5 instars on the basis of body length and coevolution has led to symbiosis between their development and growth and that of fig galls.


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