[Objectives]  Procecidochares utilis Stone is an important monophagous herbivore of the invasive weed Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng, and has become an important biological control of this pest plant. The purpose of this study was to obtain the P. utilis transcriptome, and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying differences between adult males and females of this species. [Methods]  Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to obtain transcriptome sequencing and conduct biological information analysis of P. utilis. [Results]  A total of 29 147 unigenes with an average length of 457 bp were obtained. Gene sequences were annotated using seven databases, resulting in the identification of 19 384 unigenes. There were 11 331 differentially expressed genes; compared to adult males, adult females had 2 640 up-regulated, and 8 691 down-regulated, unigenes. [Conclusion]  The transcriptome of P. utilis was obtained, which provides sequence data to support future research on the sexes of this species.