Ticks are obligate blood-sucking parasitic arthropods that are important vectors of infectious viruses and other pathogens. Research on ticks began relatively late, and background information on their genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes remains unclear. Research on the physiological regulation of ticks, the transmission routes of tick-borne pathogens, the pathogenic mechanisms of tick-borne diseases, transmission rules, prevention and control strategies, have not been systematically studied in-depth. With the innovation of genome sequencing and mass spectroscopy-based proteomics, tick gene and protein detection have become faster and easier, allowing the application of a variety of molecular techniques to tick-related studies. This paper reviews progress in the application of proteomics to tick research over the past decade, describes the current status and level of research on tick-related proteins, and presents our thoughts on the comprehensive prevention and control of ticks and the prevention and treatment of tick-borne diseases.