[Objectives]  To explore the role of the ACBP protein and the amine signaling molecules 5-HT in the secretion of 10-HDA from the mandibular glands of Apis mellifera. [Methods]  The treatment group of worker bees was fed acbp dsRNA to knockdown expression of the acbp gene, whereas the control group was fed sugar syrup. The morphology of the mandibular glands, transcriptome sequences, and the enrichment (KEGG and GO) of differentially expressed genes (P-adjust<0.05, DEGs) was compared between the treatment and control groups. The function of ACBP and 5-HT on the synthesis of 10-HDA in the mandibular gland was inferred based on the expression of the core gene in fatty acid and tryptophan metabolism according to transcriptome data, and the level of 10-HDA in the mandibular gland. [Results]  Knockdown of acbp led to a significant, 20% decrease in 10-HDA. 488 DEGs were identified from the transcriptome data, most of which participated in fatty acid degradation, the PARP signaling pathway and multiple amino acid metabolism. Interestingly, altered DEG amd and amdh from the tryptophan metabolic pathway may cause the accumulation of 5-HT. The feeding of exogenous 5-HT to nurse bees led to a significant, 30% decrease in 10-HDA in the mandibular gland. Exogenous 5-HT increased the mRNA expression level of the 5-HT1、5-HT2α、5-HT2β receptors in the mandibular gland, and significantly inhibited the expression of cpt2 and acbp3. [Conclusion]  ACBP influences the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the mandibular gland through fatty acid degradation and amino acid metabolism. Tryptamine signaling molecules, such as 5-HT, are also involved in this metabolic process. 5-HT inhibits the synthesis of 10-HDA in the mandibular gland, and influences intracellular Carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPTs).