Abstract  The intestinal microbiota of insects is widely regarded as a unique “multifunctional organ”. It plays a critical role in numerous insect activities, including growth and development, nutrition, immunity, and disease resistance. In addition to affecting the health and function of the gut, the intestinal microbiota also influences reproductive behavior and organ development through its metabolites. This minireview provides a summary of the recent advances made in research on the effects of gut microbiota on insect reproduction. It serves as a valuable reference for large-scale production and utilization of resource insects and provides the foundation for future development of biological pest control strategies that manipulate the intestinal microbiota.