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Issue:ISSN 2095-1353
           CN 11-6020/Q
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Your Position :Home->Past Journals Catalog->2024年61 No.3

Distribution and evolutionary characteristics of tandem repeat DNA in the mitochondrial genome of Acari
Author of the article:ZHU Yin, LI Yi, JIANG Shi-Die, WANG Jin-Jun, WEI Dan-Dan
Author's Workplace:Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Key Words:Acariformes; Parasitiformes; microsatellite; genome evolution; mitochondrial complex
Abstract:

Abstract  [Aim]  This study aimed to investigate the distribution and evolutionary characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) microsatellite (SSR) and long tandem repeats (LTR) within the Acari group. This investigation will provide fundamental data for the development of molecular markers and functional research involving mitochondrial microsatellites. [Methods]  The mitochondrial microsatellite (mtSSRs) and long tandem repeats of mites and ticks were mined using microsatellite identification tool (MISA) and tandem repeat finder, respectively. A comprehensive analysis was then carried out on composition, distribution patterns, and evolutionary characteristics of the tandem repeats. [Results]  In total, 1 454 perfect mtSSRs and 96 complex mtSSRs were identified in 217 species of Acari, representing 37 families. Among these, there were 271 mononucleotide repeats (SSR1), 127 dinucleotide repeats (SSR2), 517 trinucleotide repeats (SSR3), 323 tetranucleotide repeats (SSR4), 75 pentanucleotide repeats (SSR5), and 46 hexanucleotide repeats (SSR6). The results showed that as the motif length of SSR increased, the number of repeat times decreased. The majority of mtSSRs in Acari were found in the nad4 and nad5 protein domains, which are encoded by mitochondrial complex I. Additionally, 167 long tandem repeats (LTR, core repeat base number > 6 bp) were found, with 50.3% of them occurring in the coding region. Notably, the LTR with long core repeat units were found predominantly in the AT control region of specific species. Furthermore, most species in the Dermacentor genus exhibited two long repetitive regions in their mitochondrial genomes. [Conclusion]  This study revealed that SSR3 and SSR4 are the most prevalent tandem repeats in the mitochondrial genome of Acari, and that they mainly appear in the mitochondrial protein-coding region. Additionally, SSR length polymorphism was observed in ticks and mites, and this variation in SSRs is strongly associated with various biological traits in ticks. The mitochondrial genomes of related species of Dermacentor may have recently undergone replication, deletion, or recombination events. In conclusion, the mitochondrial tandem repeats identified in this study will provide abundant molecular markers for the identification, population genetic diversity assessment, and molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of ticks and mites.

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