Abstract  [Aim]  To better understand the effects of chemical controls and weeds on the population structure and dynamics of phytoseiid mites on Citrus reticulita Blanco. The findings will provide a theoretical foundation for the establishment of a comprehensive control-based prevention system for citrus pests using predatory mites. [Methods]  Between April 2021 and December 2023, continuous field investigations were carried out on the citrus and weeds growing around the trees in the same Shatangju orchard. Five-point sampling and shaking-off-the-plate methods were used to measure the population dynamics of predatory mites at independent fixed sites. Predatory mite samples were collected using the plant-flapping plate method. The species were identified and counted using a microscope. The pesticides applied were recorded and the population structure and dynamics of phytoseiid mites were analyzed. [Results]  The main phytoseiid species identified in the Shatangju orchard were Amblyseius eharai Amitai & Swirski, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), Amblyseius obtuserellus Wainstein & Begljarov, Euseius nicholsi (Ehara et Lee), N. longispinosus (Evans) and Proprioseiopsis mexicanus Garman. P. mexicanus was the dominant species found on weeds growing around the Shatangju trees. N. makuwa Ehara and Scapulaseius okinawanus (Ehara) were only found on the weeds. N. californicus and P. mexicanus had similar population dynamics on the Shatangju trees and weeds, with corresponding peak periods. [Conclusion]  There was no significant effect of chemical pesticides on the population structure of phytoseiid mites in the Shatangju orchard. Under natural conditions, N. californicus and A. eharai were the dominant species, although there was a significant difference in the timing of their population peaks. N. californicus had a significantly higher tolerance to the chemical pesticides than the other phytoseiid mites in the orchard. The use of beta-cypermethrin in the field has an inhibitory effect on the population growth of phytoseiid mites and the use of herbicides indirectly destroys the stability of phytoseiid mites in citrus orchards. In contrast, weeds have a positive effect on stabilizing the population of predatory mites in the orchard and should therefore be encouraged.