[Objectives]  To investigate the effect of egg extracts on the behavior of gravid female Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta was measured, identify chemicals on the egg surfaces of each species, in order to explain intra- and inter-species differences in the role of semiochemicals in egg recognition, and provide a theoretical basis for the chemical, ecological control of these pests. [Methods]  The behavioral responses of mated female B. dorsalis and B. correcta to extracts from the eggs of these species were investigated in a Y tube olfactometer, and their activity tracks analyzed with the software EthoVision XT. Compounds on egg surfaces were identified by GC-MS and quantified by calculating absolute calibration curves obtained from authentic standards. [Results]  Egg extracts of B. dorsalis attracted gravid females of this species (c²=9.383, P=0.002), but repelled female B. correcta (c²=6.737, P=0.009). However, egg extracts of B. correcta were attractive to both species (c²=4.235, P=0.040; c²=5.818, P=0.016). A total of 11 compounds were identified in egg extracts of B. dorsalis, including anethole, pentadecane, dodecanoic acid, ethyl dodecanoate, (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, ethyl tetradecanoate, ethyl (E)-9-hexadecenoate, hexadecanoic acid, octadecenoic acid and ethyl (Z)-9-octadecenoate. Only 7 compounds were identified from extracts of B. correcta eggs, and these were also identified from extracts of B. dorsalis eggs. Anethole, dodecanoic acid, ethyl dodecanoate, (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid were only detected in extracts from B. dorsalis eggs. The amounts of tetradecanoic acid, ethyl (E)-9-hexadecenoate, and hexadecanoic acid were higher in extracts from B. dorsalis eggs than in those from B. correcta eggs. [Conclusion]  Species-specific egg surface semiochemicals allow B. correcta to distinguish its own eggs from those of B. dorsalis, and there are significant differences in the chemical composition of the eggs of these two fruit fly species.