[Aim]  To describe the ultrastructure of the mouthparts and ovipositor of adult, female Anoplophora glabripennis, to investigate the oviposition behavior of this species, and to compare the structure of the A. glabripennis ovipositor and sensilla to those of other members of the subfamily Cerambycidae.[Methods]  The oviposition behavior of A. glabripennis was observed. The ultramorphology of the mouthparts and ovipositor of adult female A. glabripennis, and those of other members of the family Cerambycidae, was observed under a stereoscopic, and scanning electron, microscope.[Results]  The average time required for female A. glabripennis to create an oviposition scar on Elaeagnus angustifolia was (10.2 ± 7.1) min, and the average time required for oviposition was (11.3 ± 2.1) min. The opening between the basisternum of the ovipositor in the subfamily Lamiinae is deeper than that in other subfamilies of the Cerambycidae. The ratio between the length of the basisternum and the length of the ninth ventral segment is larger in the Lamiinae than in the other subfamilies, whereas the length of the sensilla trichoidea at the tip of the ovipositor stylus is smaller. The ratio of the length of the sensilla trichoidea at the tip of the ovipositor stylus to the length of the stylus is smaller in the Lamiinae than in other subfamilies. [Conclusion]  A. glabripennis may induce E. angustifolia to exude gum partly due to the mechanical injury caused by the mouthparts and ovipositor during the scar making process and oviposition, respectively. Mechanical interactions between the microstructures of the mouthparts and the ovipositor and those of the plant may trigger the E. angustifolia defensive response.