Global food resources and ecological security have long faced severe challenges from pest outbreaks. The management of such outbreaks is therefore crucial for both agriculture and forestry. Pest management is not only an applied science, but also a philosophical exercise with respect to the relationship between humans and nature. This article systematically expounds on the essence and evolution of the philosophy and methodology of pest management. Philosophically, governance objectives and principles are established through ontology, epistemology, axiology, ethics and practice. Over time, there has been a profound change in the philosophy of pest management from, "eradication-control-regulation-ecological services", to a paradigm of "harmony between man and nature". The later perspective attempts to reconstruct the relationship between humans and insects and establish a multi-value framework centered on ecological ethics and sustainable development. Methodologically, pest management has evolved from empirical control and reliance on chemical pesticides to integrated pest management (IPM) and ecological regulation (EPM). Supported by emerging tools such as information technology, artificial intelligence and gene editing, as well as social policies and public participation, a multi-dimensional, coordinated, and dynamically adaptive governance system has gradually emerged. This review emphasizes importance of the integration of philosophy and methodology to creating a green, efficient, and ethically acceptable, ecological-regulation of pest management model. Future efforts must continue to deepen this integration within the context of interdisciplinary collaboration, global environmental change, and social governance needs, in order to promote a pest management model that combines safe agricultural production with ecosystem stability and the shared well-being of society.