Immune aspects of interactions between parasitoid wasps and hosts
Author of the article:LIN Zhe1 LI JianCheng2LU ZiYun2ZOU Zhen1
Author's Workplace:1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China;2 Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, IPM Center of Hebei Province;Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Baoding071000, China
Key Words:parasitoid wasp, immune suppression, humoral immunity, cellular immunity, melanization
Abstract: Parasitoid wasps, as natural enemies of agricultural pests, play important roles in biological pest control. To date, many studies have focused on identifying key molecules involved in parasitoidhost interactions. Insects have a potent innate immune system, comprising cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Parasitoid wasps have evolved ways to evade or suppress these host defenses with venom proteins, polydnavirus (PDV), viruslike particles (VLP), teratocytes and other virulent factors. The invasion of parasitoids reduces the total hemocyte count and suppresses hemocyte differentiation. Encapsulation, an important cellular immune response, can be inhibited by Rho family factors and calreticulin from parasitoid venom. Parasitoids evade host humoral immunity by interfering with Toll and IMD immune signaling pathways. Additionally, host melanization is strongly inhibited by virulent factors. Through this review of the current literature, we hope to provide new information on molecular aspects of parasitoidhost interactions, which may lead to novel approaches for pest management.