Complete mitochondrial genomes of three Spilomelinae species and a preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the Pyraloidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Author of the article:CHEN Shan** LI Fen-Hong LAN Xu-E YOU Ping***
Author's Workplace:College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
Key Words:Conogethes punctiferalis, Palpita nigropunctalis, Pycnarmon pantherata, Pyraloidea, mitochondrial genome
Abstract:
[Objectives] The Crambidae include economically significant, agricultural and forestry pest insects. A better understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of the Pyraloidea is important for improving both knowledge of this lineage and the ability to develop more effective means of controlling pest species. [Methods] Complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of three Spilomelinae species; Conogethes punctiferalis, Palpita nigropunctalis and Pycnarmon pantherata, were sequenced and primarily analyzed by PCR with primer walking. [Results] The mitogenome sequences of C. punctiferalis, P. nigropunctalis and P. pantherata were 15 325 bp, 15 226 bp and 15 545 bp in length, respectively, and included 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and a variable control region. All protein-coding genes began with the typical ATN codon except for COⅠ which began with CGA. All the PCGs had the stop codon TAA but COⅠ, COⅡ and ND5 had the incomplete termination codons TA or T. Compared with published Pyraloidea mitogenomes, the complete mitochondrial genome of P. pantherata is the largest due to the variable length of the control region. [Conclusion] The general features of the mitogenome of three Spilomelinae species, including gene arrangement, base composition, codon usage, secondary structures of 22 tRNAs, and sequence and structure of control region, are similar to those of other sequenced Pyraloidea mitogenomes. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic analyses of variation in 13 PCGs in eight Pyraloidea subfamilies shows that the results of this study accord with previous morphological and molecular taxonomies of this group.