Since the foundation of The People’s Republic of China 70 years ago, continuous improvements in the field of agricultural science and technology have led to significant progress in agricultural pest control strategies, which have been upgraded from primary agronomic measures in the 1950’s to the current more efficient, scientific and environmental-friendly, green pest-management strategies. Chinese agricultural entomologists have successively clarified the outbreak principles of the major pests of rice, wheat, corn, cotton, vegetables and fruit crops, and have also innovated a number of monitoring, forecasting, biological and physical control, and eco-chemical regulation, technologies. They have also developed resistance management strategies, and insect-resistant crop breeding techniques, and have constructed a comprehensive control technology system for both important crops and major pests. Pest management models mainly driven by agronomic measures, source population monitoring and management, chemical pesticides, biological measures, and transgenic technology, have been used to control Locusta migratoria, Mythimna separata, the rice planthopper, Ostrinia furnacalis and Helicoverpa armigera, respectively, which have now become classic examples of agricultural pest control strategies worldwide. The rapid development of information technology, artificial intelligence, agricultural biotechnology, genome technology and other high throughput technologies, will promote continuous innovation in the fields of intelligent pest identification and forecasting, genetic diagnosis and rapid detection, targeted pesticide application, pest population genetics management, regional ecological control and transgenic technology.