Biological characteristics of Tinocallis insularis (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Drepanosiphidae)
Author of the article:CHEN Lian-Gen; BI Qing-Si;ZHOU Ling-Qin;ZHOU Ding-Rui;LI Rong-Mei
Author's Workplace:Shanghai Botanical Garden, Shanghai 200231, China; Shanghai Putuo District Afforestation Administrative Office for Community, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Botanical Garden Greening Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200231, China
Key Words:Tinocallis insularis (Takahashi); morphology; biology; Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn; Shanghai
Abstract:[Objectives] To clarify the biological characteristics of Tinocallis
insularis (Takahashi). [Methods]
The morphology, generation periods, growth and decline rules of Tinocallis
insularis were systematically studied by conducting field surveys,
microscopic observation and captive rearing in Shanghai in 2016. [Results] The morphological characteristics of T. insularis are described. At T: (22.5±1) ℃, the average generation periods of the fundatrix,
fundatrigenia and later generations were 11.7, 6.8 and 8.0 days, respectively. A single alate viviparous female produced
1-5 nymphs daily and 12-27 nymphs over its lifetime. The adult life span was
4-12 days, and at room temperature, the average generation periods of the fundatrix,
fundatrigenia and later generations were 13.3,
9.8 and 8.4 days, respectively. T. insularis has at least 10
generations per year in Shanghai and overwinters as eggs on the branches of Sapindus mukorossi. Egg hatch from late
March to early April the following year. These aphids began to appear in late
March, the population peaked from mid-May to early June, began to decline in
mid-June, and became very
rare from late June to late September. They began to appear again in early
October and had a second small
population peak from late October to early November before declining in
mid-November and overwintering as eggs in mid-December. Oviparous females began
to occur in late October, reached peak abundance in mid- to late November, then
became very rare after December 12th. [Conclusion] T. insularis is a major pest of the landscape tree, S. mukorossi, in Shanghai
district. These aphids overwinter as eggs on the branches which hatch from
late March to early April in the following year. The population has a major
peak from mid-May to early June, a smaller peak from late October to early
November, and is rarely seen from late June to late September.