To reduce the risk from pesticides to humans and the environment, many growers have switched from conventional pest control methods to the ecological regulation and management of pests (ERMP). An "advanced" kind of integrated pest management (IPM), ERMP places strong emphasis on the crop protection principle of " prevention first, making ecology a priority, using integrated management and precise implementation". The Implementation of ERMP depends on integrating all available management methods, including ecological tactics, agricultural control, biological control, physical control, modern biotechnology and reasonable chemical control, to keep pests below the eco-economic threshold level. Furthermore, ERMP is also a kind of pest management technology, which makes use of habitat manipulation, functional plant, push-pull, ecological suicide, crop ratio and crop health. This paper presents the conceptual framework, four fundamental principles, six unique tactics and four guidelines, of the ERMP strategy, and describes the relationship between strategy and technology in ERMP. It is important to note that ERMP and IPM are not mutually exclusive; ERMP is a subset of IPM. The development of more reliable ERMP practices should allow growers to achieve the more economic, ecological and social benefits.