Agrobiodiversity is an important aspect of controlling the diseases and pests of agricultural crops. Agrobiodiversity is based on the ecological relationships between organisms and makes full use of various control factors in the original ecosystem. It can, therefore, significantly reduce fertilizer and pesticide use and enhance agricultural ecosystems. This paper integrates the control of agricultural diseases and pests and examines agrobiodiversity at three levels; genetic diversity, species diversity and landscape diversity. The methods, mechanisms and important factors for using agrobiodiversity to control crop diseases and pests, and the effect of plant diversity on crop yields, are systematically reviewed and described.