[Objectives]  Trehalose is involved in the response and adaptation of plants to stress. This article aims to clarify the effect of trehalose on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice and resistance to the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), which will help to fully explore the potential role of trehalose on rice and provide reference and basis for subsequent research. [Methods]  The effects of trehalose on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice, including its resistance to the brown planthopper were investigated after treatment with 10 mmol∙L^－1 and 50 mmol∙L^－1 trehalose; specifically, the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble sugar content. In addition, the functional plant loss index (FPLI) after BPH had fed on rice plants and the effects of trehalose treatment on BPH feeding behavior were investigated with an electrical penetration graph (EPG). [Results]  The results showed that after applying trehalose at a concentration of 10 mmol·L^－1 and 50 mmol·L^－1, the POD activity and soluble sugar content increased significantly, the MDA content decreased significantly, and the function loss index of rice plants was significantly improved. EPG results found that trehalose treatment significantly increased the duration of the N4 wave. [Conclusion]  Although appropriate levels of trehalose can improve the resistance of rice to abiotic stress, it does not improve the resistance of rice to BPH.