Statistical analysis is important for many kinds of entomological research. Based on simulated data, this article reviews 14 basic statistical tests frequently used in entomological studies and their corresponding R codes, emphasizing how to choose the appropriate test for a given investigation and data type. These statistical tests include the sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Nemenyi test, Tukey test, Friedman test, one-way analysis of variance, and repeated measures analysis of variance, to compare means or medians, and the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Spearman rank correlation test and Pearson correlation test, to analyze associations or correlations between variables. This article provides a useful reference for entomologists with limited knowledge of biostatistics or the R language.