[Objectives]  Effective components of the aggregation pheromones of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis were identified to facilitate the development of green methods for the prevention and control of this pest. [Methods]  Volatiles from females, males and both sexes were collected using the dynamic headspace method and identified with GC-MS. An EAG and Y-type olfactometer were used to test the EAG and behavioral responses of adults to 8 compounds. [Results]  15 compounds were identified in the volatiles collected from females, males, and both sexes, the main components of which were 6 alkanes, 2 phenols, 2 aromatic hydrocarbons, 1 alkene, 1 pyridine, 1 amine, 1 alcohol and 1 ketone. EAG and behavioral responses of females and males were significantly different to the same concentrations of different volatiles, and to different concentrations of the same volatiles. Relative EAG values to (-)-Isopinocampheylamine, 3,4-Dimethyl-6-ethylphenol, 1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl) ethenone and 2,6,10,14-Tetramethylheptadecane peaked at 1 μg/μL, whereas relative EAG values to naphthalene, benzothiazole, thymol and tetradecane peaked at 10 μg/μL. A choice experiment showed that >70% of females and males were attracted to 1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl) ethenone, but that a significant, or very significant, number were repelled, by 2, 6, 10, 14- tetramethylheptadecane, naphthalene, benzothiazole, thymol and tetradecane. Gender differences were apparent in the responses to 3,4-dimethyl-6-ethylphenol and (-)-Isopinocampheylamine; males were significantly attracted by 3,4-Dimethyl-6- ethylphenol and significantly repelled by (-)-Isopinocampheylamine, whereas females had no obvious response to these 2 volatiles. [Conclusion]  2,3-Dimethylacetophenone is attractive to both adult female and male P. brevitarsis, whereas 2,6,10,14-Tetramethylheptadecane, naphthalene, benzothiazole, thymol and tetradecane are strongly repellent to both sexes. We suspect that 2,3-Dimethylacetophenone is the active component of the aggregation pheromones of this species.