[Objectives]  To clarify the effects of mating and temperature on the sex pheromone communication system of Spodoptera frugiperda. [Methods]  Chemical components were extracted from the sex pheromone glands of female moths with hexane, and their chemical structure determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The content of each component was quantified by GC using the internal standard method. The electroantennogram (EAG) method was used to measure the responses of male antennae to glandular components and their analogs. The effect of temperature on pheromone communication was investigated by rearing moths at different temperatures (20-35 ℃). [Results]  GC-MS analysis identified seven components (Z7-12: Ac and etc.) in the sex pheromone glands of female moths. The results of mating experiments indicate that female moths mate only once in each dark period, but many times within seven days after emergence; 44% of female moths housed with a single male mated twice or more compared to 67% of those kept in a population of 30 pairs. The mating activity of female moths was significantly lower on the first dark period after mating, but returned to almost normal levels during the second dark period after mating. The content and proportion of Z9-14:Ac, the main active component in the glands of mated female moths, was significantly higher than in those of control moths on the day after mating but there was no significant difference in the contents of the other six glandular components. Female moths raised at 35 ℃ secreted the most 16:Ac, whereas this was too low to be detected in those reared at 20 ℃. There was no significant difference in the contents of Z11-16:Ac in moths reared at all test temperatures. The other five components were all highest in moths reared at 25 ℃, and the content of two major active components (Z7-12:Ac and Z9-14:Ac) were significantly lower in moths reared at 35 ℃. Temperature also affected the relative proportions of each component secreted, the ratios of 12:Ac, Z11-14:Ac, Z11-16:Ac and 16:Ac were higher in moths reared at 30-35 ℃, whereas the ratio of Z9-14:Ac was higher in those reared at 20-25 ℃. EAG test results indicate that temperature had no significant effect on the EAG responses of male moths to sex pheromones. [Conclusion]  Mating significantly inhibited the pheromone signaling behavior of female S. frugiperda in the next dark period. 25 ℃ was the optimum temperature for the synthesis of sex pheromones and other glandular components.