[Objectives]  The bio-activity of insecticides to insects varies greatly temperature. Studying the effects of temperature on insecticides, and mechanism underlying these effects, can provide a scientific basis for the rational use of insecticides at different temperatures. [Methods]  The dipping method was used to measure the bio-activity of cyantraniliprole, a diamide insecticide, against Aphis gossypii Glover and Sitobion avenae Fabricius at different temperatures. After treatment with a sub-lethal dose of cyantraniliprole, the activity of carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), multifunctional oxidase (MFO) and UDP-glycosyl transferase (UGT) in A. gossypii and S. avenae was also measured at different temperatures. [Results]  Temperature had a positive effect on the bio-activity of cyantraniliprole to A. gossypii and S. avenae; the highest temperature coefficients were +9.44 and +8.24, respectively. After receiving a sub-lethal dose of cyantraniliprole, the specific activity of GST in A. gossypii was 211.27 nmol·mg^﹣1·min^﹣1 at 15 ℃; significantly higher than in the control. However, at 30 ℃ this fell to 203.29 nmol·mg^﹣1·min^﹣1, which was significantly lower than in the control. Consistent with the positive relationship between temperature and the bio-activity of cyantraniliprole to A. gossypii, GST activity gradually decreased with increasing temperature relative to that in the control. Similarly, differences in GST and UGT activity between treatment and control groups were consistent with those in the bioactivity of cyantraniliprole at different temperatures in S. avenae. [Conclusion]  There is a significant, positive correlation between the bioactivity of cyantraniliprole to A. gossypii and S. avenae and temperature. GST and GST may be involved in the effect of temperature on cyantraniliprole in A. gossypii, and UGT may play a similar role in S. avenae.