The insect community structure in different types of aquatic vegetables in Wuhan were investigated with visual method and net method from May to October of 2008. The results showed that there were 9 169 individuals belonging to 11 orders, 48 families, 104 species. Rhopalosiphum nymphacae (L.), Prodenia litura (Fabricius), Saccharosyne procerus (Matsumura), Scirpophage praelata (Scopoli) and Galerucella birmanica (Jacohy) were the main pests, and Odonata and Coccinellidae were the primary natural enemies. The analyses on community structure indicated that the diversity index of insect community were remarkably different in different vegetations, which was the highest in water dropwort, and was the lowest in lotus. Insect community structure on water dropwort was the most stable, and water chestnut was at the second place. The diversity index of insect community in lotus was high in middle period, but low in early and late periods, whereas that in water bamboo was low in middle period, but high in early and late periods.