[Objectives]  To determine key biological and ecological characteristics of Megastigmus sabinae Xu et He, the larvae of which damage the endosperm of healthy cones of Sabina przewalskii resulting in a serious decline in seed quality. [Methods]  The eclosion characteristics and spatial distribution of M.sabinae larvae were investigated in the eastern section of the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province. [Results]  The peak of eclosion occurred between 17 July and 24 July. The number of eclosion increased with decreasing temperature and humidity, reaching a maximum at an ambient temperature of 22.9℃, after which changes in temperature and humidity had no obvious influence on the number of eclosion. Males emerged earlier than females and significantly fewer males emerged later. Larvae in the middle of the canopy were significantly more abundant than in the upper and lower parts, accounting for 53.29% the total number of larvae. Relative larval abundance in the eastern, southern, western, and northern sides of the canopy were 58.47%, 64.66%, 30.12% and 27.48%, respectively. [Conclusion]  Eclosion of M. sabinae is closely related to temperature and humidity, and aspect significantly affects the distribution of larvae.