[Objectives]  To clarify changes in the nutritional metabolism of Aphis gossypii after feeding on cotton plants stressed by aphid damage. [Methods]  Biochemical methods was used to study the effects of continuous damage by Acyrthosiphon gossypii, and the interaction between Acyrthosiphon gossypii and the Aphis gossypii, on the amylase, trehalase, invertase, lipase and pepsin levels of Aphis gossypii that subsequently fed on the same plants. [Results]  The amylase, trehalase and pepsin activity of Aphis gossypii that had fed on cotton damaged by Acyrthosiphon gossypii for 72 h decreased by 13.0%, 13.7% and 2.9%, respectively, and their sucrase and lipase activity increased by 13.6% and 11.1%, respectively, compared to the activity of these enzyme in aphids that had fed on healthy cotton. Amylase, trehalase, pepsin, sucrase and lipase activity decreased by 10.0%, 3.5%, 0.5%, 3.5% and 6.5%, respectively, when Aphis gossypii had fed on cotton that had been first been fed on by Acyrthosiphon gossypii, then by Aphis gossypii, then again by Acyrthosiphon gossypii, for 72 h. The effects of the same duration of aphid damage, and the same sequential order of aphid species, on the digestive enzyme activity of Aphis gossypii differed when these fed at a later stage. The amylase and trehalase activity of aphids that fed on plants treated with Acy₂₄A₇₂Acy₂₄ was 23.5% and 7.3% lower, respectively, than those that had fed on cotton plants treated with Acy₇₂A₂₄Acy₂₄, whereas invertase and lipase activity increased by 14.4% and 8%, respectively. However, the pepsin activity of Aphis gossypii fed on cotton plants treated with Acy₂₄A₇₂Acy₂₄ was 43.1% higher than that of those that had fed on plants treated with Acy₂₄A₂₄Acy₇₂. [Conclusion]  Amylase, trehalase and pepsin activity in Aphis gossypii were inhibited by the previous feeding activity of Acyrthosiphon gossypii on cotton plants, and sucrase and lipase activity increased to compensate for the reduced absorption of nutrients caused by the inhibition of amylase, trehalase and pepsin. The same treatment time and order of species had a more significant effect on the digestive enzyme activity of Aphis gossypii.